Granite is an intrusive, igneous stone usually found in the continental plates of the Earth’s crust. Igneous stones are mainly formed through volcanic material underneath the Earth’s surface, or liquid magma that has cooled and solidified. A slow rate of cooling gives granites a very coarse-grained texture and a faster rate of cooling gives rise to fine- and medium-grained textures. During granite’s formation, mineral gases and liquids penetrate the stone and create crystalline formations of various colors.

Granites are primarily composed of mica, feldspar and quartz, though additional minerals and trace elements give the stone a stunning array of possible colors. Granite’s hardness and durability make it optimal for heavy-duty uses, such as flooring, countertops and vanities. The stone’s natural resistance to weathering also makes it an ideal choice for outdoor uses.

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As the second-hardest stone available, granite can last for generations. Under normal use, it’s not affected by hot pots, knife cuts or household acids. While granite is naturally porous, countertops come already sealed.

The seal on granite counters tends to wear off in time. Exposed pores might react to liquids and discolor. That’s why these surfaces should get sealed once a year.

Because of the sealer, granite stays beautiful for a long time. You can clean it with a mild soap that has no phosphate. You can use powder, soap flakes or liquids, but make sure they’re designed to clean natural stone.

As far as stones go, granite only has minor porosity. This means that you won’t see moisture on most colors, as long as the sealer is intact. Upon prolonged contact with water, you might see a dark spot. However, once the granite dries, this should go away.

Granite is approved for uses with food, and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has no reports that tie bacterial illnesses to this surface. It’s less probable to support bacteria than laminated surfaces or a butcher block. All you have to do is clean it regularly.

Under conventional use, granite does not react to heat. That’s because it forms under the earth’s crust with the help of extreme heat. You can use hot pans and place them on the granite directly.

Compared to other manufactured materials that are suitable for surfaces, granite is more affordable. That’s because of efficient stone-working procedures.